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Hypertension

What is blood pressure?

High blood pressure or hypertension is a disease in which blood pressure exceeds normal value. Characterization of human blood pressure is as follows:
Characterization of Blood Pressure Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Normal <120 and <80 Prehypertension 120 to 139 or 80 to 89 degrees Hypertension 1 140 – 159 or 90 to 99 degrees 2 hypertension ≥ 160 or ≥ 100

What are the symptoms of high blood?
People with high blood pressure or hypertension is generally asymptomatic. Hypertension is known by chance. Usually when seeing a doctor for other complaints and then measured blood pressure, then found out that suffer from hypertension. In medicine, hypertension is known as the ‘silent killer’ because the cause of death without showing any symptoms or complaints before.

What would happen if left untreated, high blood?
High blood pressure can cause a variety of complications between the heart can cause enlargement of the heart muscle (left ventricular hypertrophy), angina or early phase of myocardial infarction, heart failure; in the brain can cause stroke or ischemic attack temporarily (transient ischemic attack) ; the kidney causes chronic kidney disease; disease of peripheral arteries including impotence; in the eye causing retinopathy that can cause blindness.

What causes high blood?
Most patients do not know why.
Some causes of high blood pressure that can be identified is caused by stopping breathing during sleep (sleep apnea), medications, chronic kidney disease, renal vascular disease, thyroid or parathyroid disease, diseases of primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma disease, and aortic disease coarctatio .

What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disease and the brain?
Risk factors of coronary heart disease and stroke are high blood pressure equal or hypertension, smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol, high HDL cholesterol levels are low, and or high triglyceride levels), diabetes mellitus (disease diabetes or diabetes), age (over 55 years for men over 65 years for women), and a family history of coronary heart disease or stroke at a young age (under 55 years of age in men or under the age of 65 years in women).

Do you have to take medication for life?
High blood pressure treatment goal is to achieve blood pressure less than 140/90. For patients with high blood is accompanied with diabetes or chronic kidney disease or had heart surgery is high blood pressure targets to be achieved is less than 130/80. Goal blood pressure reduction is to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke and kidney disease.

In order to achieve this goal there are several ways that should be done by the patient lifestyle changes (lifestyle modification) and medicines. If blood pressure can be controlled with lifestyle alone will not need drugs.

Because the causes of high blood largely unknown, so in general most patients do have to continue taking medication for high blood every day of his life.

Does taking medication for high blood every day does not damage the kidneys?
If left untreated, high blood then it will cause kidney damage, kidney damage and will cause the blood pressure will increasingly higher.

What are the lifestyle changes that must be done?
If you are overweight then reducing body weight, blood pressure can drop. Systolic blood pressure may fall between 5 – 20 mmHg every 10 kg of body weight decreased.
By eating at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables the systolic blood pressure can fall between 8 to 14 mmHg.
By reducing the intake of sodium or sodium (salt), then the systolic blood pressure may fall between 2 to 8 mmHg.
By exercising regularly every day the systolic blood pressure can fall between 4 to 9 mmHg.